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In human genetics, Haplogroup B-M42 is a Y-chromosome haplogroup.

Haplogroup B-M42 is descended from A2-T about 70,000 years before present, possibly originating in western North Africa or central West Africa. The paragroup or haplogroup without additional lineage definition has not been found in modern populations. It is therefore known by its descendant lineages.

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The Y chromosome is passed from father to son remaining mostly unaltered across generations, except for small traceable changes in DNA. By tracking these changes, we constructed a family tree of humankind where all male lineages trace back to a single common ancestor who lived hundreds of thousands of years ago. This human tree allows us to explore lineages through time and place and to uncover the modern history of your direct paternal surname line and the ancient history of our shared ancestors.

The BT-M42 Story: BT-M42's paternal line was formed when it branched off from the ancestor A-V221 and the rest of mankind around 120,000 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the ancestor A-V221 was born between the years 135,962 and 104,252 BCE. The most likely estimate is 119,597 BCE, rounded to 120,000 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

The man who is the most recent common ancestor of this line is estimated to have been born around 85,000 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the most recent common ancestor of all members of haplogroup BT-M42 was born between the years 96,648 and 73,972 BCE. The most likely estimate is 84,945 BCE, rounded to 85,000 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

He is the ancestor of at least 2 descendant lineages known as B-M181 & CT-M168. Descendant lineages are identified as people test their Y-DNA with the Big Y test.

There are 591,109 DNA tested descendants, and they specified that their earliest known origins are from:
England,
United States,
Ireland, and
290 other countries.

This information is self-reported by FamilyTreeDNA participants. It represents the earliest known countries of origin on their direct paternal lines.

In human genetics, Haplogroup CF (also known as CF(xDE)) is a human male Y-DNA Haplogroup defined by the SNP P143. Along with and parallel to Haplogroup DE, it is a descendant of Haplogroup CT. As its compound name implies, it is the ancestral haplogroup to both Haplogroup C and Haplogroup F.[1] The haplogroup is hypothetical because no male in haplogroup CF* has yet been discovered.

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The Y chromosome is passed from father to son remaining mostly unaltered across generations, except for small traceable changes in DNA. By tracking these changes, we constructed a family tree of humankind where all male lineages trace back to a single common ancestor who lived hundreds of thousands of years ago. This human tree allows us to explore lineages through time and place and to uncover the modern history of your direct paternal surname line and the ancient history of our shared ancestors.

The CF-P143 Story: CF-P143's paternal line was formed when it branched off from the ancestor CT-M168 and the rest of mankind around 63,000 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the ancestor CT-M168 was born between the years 71,811 and 54,843 BCE. The most likely estimate is 63,054 BCE, rounded to 63,000 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

The man who is the most recent common ancestor of this line is estimated to have been born around 62,000 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the most recent common ancestor of all members of haplogroup CF-P143 was born between the years 71,166 and 54,346 BCE. The most likely estimate is 62,486 BCE, rounded to 62,000 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

He is the ancestor of at least 2 descendant lineages known as C-M216 & F-M89. Descendant lineages are identified as people test their Y-DNA with the Big Y test.

There are 539,267 DNA tested descendants, and they specified that their earliest known origins are from:
England,
United States,
Ireland, and
274 other countries.

This information is self-reported by FamilyTreeDNA participants. It represents the earliest known countries of origin on their direct paternal lines.

In human genetics, Haplogroup IJK is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. Haplogroup IJK is a descendant branch of the macrohaplogroup F with haplogroup IJ and haplogroup K as its attested descendants.[1]

According to Family Tree DNA, the two SNPs defining this haplogroup unite I, J, and K within F as a "brother clade" to G and H.[1] FTDNA further states that haplogroup IJK's relationship with haplogroup F1 through F4 is unknown.[1]
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The Y chromosome is passed from father to son remaining mostly unaltered across generations, except for small traceable changes in DNA. By tracking these changes, we constructed a family tree of humankind where all male lineages trace back to a single common ancestor who lived hundreds of thousands of years ago. This human tree allows us to explore lineages through time and place and to uncover the modern history of your direct paternal surname line and the ancient history of our shared ancestors.

The IJK-L15 Story: IJK-L15's paternal line was formed when it branched off from the ancestor HIJK-PF3494 and the rest of mankind around 45,000 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the ancestor HIJK-PF3494 was born between the years 51,646 and 39,312 BCE. The most likely estimate is 45,281 BCE, rounded to 45,000 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

The man who is the most recent common ancestor of this line is estimated to have been born around 44,000 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the most recent common ancestor of all members of haplogroup IJK-L15 was born between the years 50,418 and 38,367 BCE. The most likely estimate is 44,199 BCE, rounded to 44,000 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

He is the ancestor of at least 2 descendant lineages known as IJ-P124 & K-M9. Descendant lineages are identified as people test their Y-DNA with the Big Y test.

There are 512,050 DNA tested descendants, and they specified that their earliest known origins are from:
England,
United States,
Ireland, and
267 other countries.

This information is self-reported by FamilyTreeDNA participants. It represents the earliest known countries of origin on their direct paternal lines.

In human genetics, haplogroup F is a very common Y-chromosome haplogroup spanning all the continents. This haplogroup and its subclades contain more than 90% of the world's existing non-African male population. Sometimes it is referred to as haplogroup FT to distinguish the part of it which is referred to in standard nomenclature as haplogroup (or paragroup) F-M89* (the branches of haplogroup F-M89 which have not yet been designated as defining a major haplogroup of their own).

This haplogroup is ancestral to, and contains, Y-chromosome haplogroups G (M201), H (M69), and IJK (L15/S137, L16/S138, L69.1(=G)/S163.1) along with their descendant haplogroups.

Origins

This megahaplogroup contains mainly lineages that are not typically found in sub-Saharan Africa, suggesting that its ancestral haplogroup CF may have been carried out of Africa very early in the modern human diaspora, and F-M89 may have appeared 48,000 (38,700-55,700) years ago, probably in Eurasia.[1]

According to the phylogeographic distribution of haplotypes observed among South Asian populations defined by social and linguistic criteria, the possibility arose of haplogroup F might have originated in or near India, and F-M89* might share a common demographic history with H-M69, C5, R2 and L1.[3] The presence of several subclusters of F-M89 and K that are largely restricted to the Indian subcontinent is consistent with the scenario that a coastal (southern route) of early human migration out of Africa carried ancestral Eurasian lineages first to the coast of the Indian subcontinent, or that some of them originated there.[4]

Other sources mention that this ancient haplogroup may have first appeared in North Africa, the Levant, or the Arabian Peninsula as much as 50,000 years ago (50,300±6500).[5] It is sometimes believed to represent a "second-wave" of expansion out of Africa. However, the location of this lineage's first expansion and rise to prevalence appears to have been in South Asia or somewhere close to it within the extended Middle East. All of Haplogroup F's descendant haplogroups also show a pattern of radiation from South Asia (haplogroups H, F* and K) or the Middle East (haplogroups G and IJ).

Several lineages derived from Haplogroup F-M89 appear to have migrated into Africa from a homeland in Southwest Asia sometime during prehistory. Y-chromosome haplogroups associated with this hypothetical "Back to Africa" migration include J, R1b, and T.

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The Y chromosome is passed from father to son remaining mostly unaltered across generations, except for small traceable changes in DNA. By tracking these changes, we constructed a family tree of humankind where all male lineages trace back to a single common ancestor who lived hundreds of thousands of years ago. This human tree allows us to explore lineages through time and place and to uncover the modern history of your direct paternal surname line and the ancient history of our shared ancestors.

The F-M89 Story: F-M89's paternal line was formed when it branched off from the ancestor CF-P143 and the rest of mankind around 62,000 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the ancestor CF-P143 was born between the years 71,166 and 54,346 BCE. The most likely estimate is 62,486 BCE, rounded to 62,000 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

The man who is the most recent common ancestor of this line is estimated to have been born around 46,000 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the most recent common ancestor of all members of haplogroup F-M89 was born between the years 52,486 and 39,959 BCE. The most likely estimate is 46,021 BCE, rounded to 46,000 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

He is the ancestor of at least 2 descendant lineages known as GHIJK-F1329 & F-F15527. Descendant lineages are identified as people test their Y-DNA with the Big Y test.

There are 535,446 DNA tested descendants, and they specified that their earliest known origins are from:
England,
United States,
Ireland, and
270 other countries.

This information is self-reported by FamilyTreeDNA participants. It represents the earliest known countries of origin on their direct paternal lines.

The Y chromosome is passed from father to son remaining mostly unaltered across generations, except for small traceable changes in DNA. By tracking these changes, we constructed a family tree of humankind where all male lineages trace back to a single common ancestor who lived hundreds of thousands of years ago. This human tree allows us to explore lineages through time and place and to uncover the modern history of your direct paternal surname line and the ancient history of our shared ancestors.

The G-M201 Story: G-M201's paternal line was formed when it branched off from the ancestor GHIJK-F1329 and the rest of mankind around 46,000 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the ancestor GHIJK-F1329 was born between the years 51,922 and 39,524 BCE. The most likely estimate is 45,524 BCE, rounded to 46,000 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

The man who is the most recent common ancestor of this line is estimated to have been born around 26,000 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the most recent common ancestor of all members of haplogroup G-M201 was born between the years 29,419 and 22,104 BCE. The most likely estimate is 25,519 BCE, rounded to 26,000 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

He is the ancestor of at least 2 descendant lineages known as G-M285 & G-L89. Descendant lineages are identified as people test their Y-DNA with the Big Y test.

There are 21,014 DNA tested descendants, and they specified that their earliest known origins are from:
Germany,
England,
Italy, and
144 other countries.

This information is self-reported by FamilyTreeDNA participants. It represents the earliest known countries of origin on their direct paternal lines.

Homo erectus (meaning "upright man," from the Latin ērĭgĕre, "to put up, set upright") is an extinct species of hominin that lived from the end of the Pliocene epoch to the later Pleistocene, with the earliest first fossil evidence dating to around 1.8 million years ago and the most recent to around 300,000 years ago. The species originated in Africa and spread as far as England, Georgia, India, China and Java.[1][2]
There is still disagreement on the subject of the classification, ancestry, and progeny of H. erectus, with two major alternative classifications: erectus may be another name for Homo ergaster, and therefore the direct ancestor of later hominids such as Homo heidelbergensis, Homo neanderthalensis, and Homo sapiens; or it may be an Asian species distinct from African ergaster.[1][3][4]
Some palaeoanthropologists consider H. ergaster to be simply the African variety of H. erectus. This leads to the use of the term "Homo erectus sensu stricto" for the Asian H. Erectus, and "Homo erectus sensu lato" for the larger species comprising both the early African populations (H. ergaster) and the Asian populations.[5][6].