Person Page 2,126

The Y chromosome is passed from father to son remaining mostly unaltered across generations, except for small traceable changes in DNA. By tracking these changes, we constructed a family tree of humankind where all male lineages trace back to a single common ancestor who lived hundreds of thousands of years ago. This human tree allows us to explore lineages through time and place and to uncover the modern history of your direct paternal surname line and the ancient history of our shared ancestors.

The R-FTB21067 Story: R-FTB21067's paternal line was formed when it branched off from the ancestor R-A818 and the rest of mankind around 450 CE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the ancestor R-A818 was born between the years 135 and 744 CE. The most likely estimate is 467 CE, rounded to 450 CE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

The man who is the most recent common ancestor of this line is estimated to have been born around 500 CE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the most recent common ancestor of all members of haplogroup R-FTB21067 was born between the years 155 and 790 CE. The most likely estimate is 503 CE, rounded to 500 CE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

He is the ancestor of at least 3 descendant lineages known as R-A426, R-A421, & R-BY71668. Descendant lineages are identified as people test their Y-DNA with the Big Y test.

There are 58 DNA tested descendants, and they specified that their earliest known origins are from:
Ireland,
United States,
United Kingdom, and
3 other countries

This information is self-reported by FamilyTreeDNA participants. It represents the earliest known countries of origin on their direct paternal lines.

The Y chromosome is passed from father to son remaining mostly unaltered across generations, except for small traceable changes in DNA. By tracking these changes, we constructed a family tree of humankind where all male lineages trace back to a single common ancestor who lived hundreds of thousands of years ago. This human tree allows us to explore lineages through time and place and to uncover the modern history of your direct paternal surname line and the ancient history of our shared ancestors.

The R-A421 Story: R-A421's paternal line was formed when it branched off from the ancestor R-FTB21067 and the rest of mankind around 500 CE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the ancestor R-FTB21067 was born between the years 155 and 790 CE. The most likely estimate is 503 CE, rounded to 500 CE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

The man who is the most recent common ancestor of this line is estimated to have been born around 750 CE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the most recent common ancestor of all members of haplogroup R-A421 was born between the years 327 and 1108 CE. The most likely estimate is 767 CE, rounded to 750 CE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

He is the ancestor of at least 4 descendant lineages known as R-A420, R-FGC32537, R-FGC33438 and 1 yet unnamed lineage. Decendant lineages are identified as people test their Y-DNA with the Big Y test. At least two testers from a lineage are needed for a new branch to be named and added to the tree.

There are 11 DNA tested descendants, and they specified that their earliest known origins are from:
Ireland,
Isle of Man,
United Kingdom,
1 other countries, and
4 from unknown countries

This information is self-reported by FamilyTreeDNA participants. It represents the earliest known countries of origin on their direct paternal lines.

The Y chromosome is passed from father to son remaining mostly unaltered across generations, except for small traceable changes in DNA. By tracking these changes, we constructed a family tree of humankind where all male lineages trace back to a single common ancestor who lived hundreds of thousands of years ago. This human tree allows us to explore lineages through time and place and to uncover the modern history of your direct paternal surname line and the ancient history of our shared ancestors.

The R-BY71668 Story: R-BY71668's paternal line was formed when it branched off from the ancestor R-FTB21067 and the rest of mankind around 500 CE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the ancestor R-FTB21067 was born between the years 155 and 790 CE. The most likely estimate is 503 CE, rounded to 500 CE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

The man who is the most recent common ancestor of this line is estimated to have been born around 1900 CE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the most recent common ancestor of all members of haplogroup R-BY71668 was born between the years 1526 and 2015 CE. The most likely estimate is 1884 CE, rounded to 1900 CE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

He is the most recent paternal line ancestor of all members of this group.

Descendant lineages are identified as people test their Y-DNA with the Big Y test. At least two testers from a lineage are needed for a new branch to be named and added to the tree.

There are 2 DNA tested descendants, and they specified that their earliest known origins are from:
England, and
United Kingdom

This information is self-reported by FamilyTreeDNA participants. It represents the earliest known countries of origin on their direct paternal lines.

The Y chromosome is passed from father to son remaining mostly unaltered across generations, except for small traceable changes in DNA. By tracking these changes, we constructed a family tree of humankind where all male lineages trace back to a single common ancestor who lived hundreds of thousands of years ago. This human tree allows us to explore lineages through time and place and to uncover the modern history of your direct paternal surname line and the ancient history of our shared ancestors.

The R-A459 Story: R-A459's paternal line was formed when it branched off from the ancestor R-A818 and the rest of mankind around 450 CE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the ancestor R-A818 was born between the years 135 and 744 CE. The most likely estimate is 467 CE, rounded to 450 CE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

The man who is the most recent common ancestor of this line is estimated to have been born around 950 CE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the most recent common ancestor of all members of haplogroup R-A459 was born between the years 438 and 1293 CE. The most likely estimate is 929 CE, rounded to 950 CE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

He is the ancestor of at least 2 descendant lineages known as R-FGC45390 & R-FGC20957. Descendant lineages are identified as people test their Y-DNA with the Big Y test.

There are 16 DNA tested descendants, and they specified that their earliest known origins are from:
Scotland,
Ireland,
Northern Ireland, and
2 other countries

This information is self-reported by FamilyTreeDNA participants. It represents the earliest known countries of origin on their direct paternal lines.

The Y chromosome is passed from father to son remaining mostly unaltered across generations, except for small traceable changes in DNA. By tracking these changes, we constructed a family tree of humankind where all male lineages trace back to a single common ancestor who lived hundreds of thousands of years ago. This human tree allows us to explore lineages through time and place and to uncover the modern history of your direct paternal surname line and the ancient history of our shared ancestors.

The R-FT87728 Story: R-FT87728's paternal line was formed when it branched off from the ancestor R-A818 and the rest of mankind around 450 CE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the ancestor R-A818 was born between the years 135 and 744 CE. The most likely estimate is 467 CE, rounded to 450 CE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

The man who is the most recent common ancestor of this line is estimated to have been born around 500 CE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the most recent common ancestor of all members of haplogroup R-FT87728 was born between the years 82 BCE and 938 CE. The most likely estimate is 496 CE, rounded to 500 CE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

He is the ancestor of at least 2 descendant lineages known as R-FT84865 and 1 yet unnamed lineage. Descendant lineages are identified as people test their Y-DNA with the Big Y test. At least two testers from a lineage are needed for a new branch to be named and added to the tree.

There are 8 DNA tested descendants, and they specified that their earliest known origins are from:
Ireland,
Canada, and
5 from unknown countries

This information is self-reported by FamilyTreeDNA participants. It represents the earliest known countries of origin on their direct paternal lines.

The Y chromosome is passed from father to son remaining mostly unaltered across generations, except for small traceable changes in DNA. By tracking these changes, we constructed a family tree of humankind where all male lineages trace back to a single common ancestor who lived hundreds of thousands of years ago. This human tree allows us to explore lineages through time and place and to uncover the modern history of your direct paternal surname line and the ancient history of our shared ancestors.

The R-BY56622 Story: R-BY56622's paternal line was formed when it branched off from the ancestor R-A818 and the rest of mankind around 450 CE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the ancestor R-A818 was born between the years 135 and 744 CE. The most likely estimate is 467 CE, rounded to 450 CE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

The man who is the most recent common ancestor of this line is estimated to have been born around 1650 CE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the most recent common ancestor of all members of haplogroup R-BY56622 was born between the years 1415 and 1804 CE. The most likely estimate is 1644 CE, rounded to 1650 CE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

He is the ancestor of at least 2 descendant lineages known as R-BY105819 and 1 yet unnamed lineage. Descendant lineages are identified as people test their Y-DNA with the Big Y test. At least two testers from a lineage are needed for a new branch to be named and added to the tree.

There are 4 DNA tested descendants, and they specified that their earliest known origins are from:
Canada,
England, and
2 from unknown countries

This information is self-reported by FamilyTreeDNA participants. It represents the earliest known countries of origin on their direct paternal lines.

The Y chromosome is passed from father to son remaining mostly unaltered across generations, except for small traceable changes in DNA. By tracking these changes, we constructed a family tree of humankind where all male lineages trace back to a single common ancestor who lived hundreds of thousands of years ago. This human tree allows us to explore lineages through time and place and to uncover the modern history of your direct paternal surname line and the ancient history of our shared ancestors.

The R-BY62381 Story: R-BY62381's paternal line was formed when it branched off from the ancestor R-L1402 and the rest of mankind around 250 CE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the ancestor R-L1402 was born between the years 109 BCE and 563 CE. The most likely estimate is 257 CE, rounded to 250 CE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

The man who is the most recent common ancestor of this line is estimated to have been born around 1650 CE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the most recent common ancestor of all members of haplogroup R-BY62381 was born between the years 1304 and 1835 CE. The most likely estimate is 1628 CE, rounded to 1650 CE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

He is the ancestor of at least 2 descendant lineages known as R-BY130506 and 1 yet unnamed lineage. Descendant lineages are identified as people test their Y-DNA with the Big Y test. At least two testers from a lineage are needed for a new branch to be named and added to the tree.

There are 3 DNA tested descendants, and they specified that their earliest known origins are from:
Wales, and
2 from unknown countries

This information is self-reported by FamilyTreeDNA participants. It represents the earliest known countries of origin on their direct paternal lines.

The Y chromosome is passed from father to son remaining mostly unaltered across generations, except for small traceable changes in DNA. By tracking these changes, we constructed a family tree of humankind where all male lineages trace back to a single common ancestor who lived hundreds of thousands of years ago. This human tree allows us to explore lineages through time and place and to uncover the modern history of your direct paternal surname line and the ancient history of our shared ancestors.

The R-A5409 Story: R-A5409's paternal line was formed when it branched off from the ancestor R-L1403 and the rest of mankind around 1200 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the ancestor R-L1403 was born between the years 1813 and 715 BCE. The most likely estimate is 1219 BCE, rounded to 1200 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

The man who is the most recent common ancestor of this line is estimated to have been born around 900 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the most recent common ancestor of all members of haplogroup R-A5409 was born between the years 1608 and 354 BCE. The most likely estimate is 920 BCE, rounded to 900 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

He is the ancestor of at least 3 descendant lineages known as R-BY3455, R-Y94132, & R-FT14333. Descendant lineages are identified as people test their Y-DNA with the Big Y test.

There are 35 DNA tested descendants, and they specified that their earliest known origins are from:
Scotland,
Ireland,
United States, and
4 other countries

This information is self-reported by FamilyTreeDNA participants. It represents the earliest known countries of origin on their direct paternal lines.

The Y chromosome is passed from father to son remaining mostly unaltered across generations, except for small traceable changes in DNA. By tracking these changes, we constructed a family tree of humankind where all male lineages trace back to a single common ancestor who lived hundreds of thousands of years ago. This human tree allows us to explore lineages through time and place and to uncover the modern history of your direct paternal surname line and the ancient history of our shared ancestors.

The A-L1088 Story: A-L1088's paternal line was formed when it branched off from the ancestor A-L1087 and the rest of mankind around 29,000 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the ancestor A-L1087 was born between the years 34,375 and 23,921 BCE. The most likely estimate is 28,719 BCE, rounded to 29,000 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

The man who is the most recent common ancestor of this line is estimated to have been born around 750 CE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the most recent common ancestor of all members of haplogroup A-L1088 was born between the years 342 and 1079 CE. The most likely estimate is 755 CE, rounded to 750 CE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

He is the ancestor of at least 2 descendant lineages known as A-YP2683 & A-FGC28278. Descendant lineages are identified as people test their Y-DNA with the Big Y test.

There are 12 DNA tested descendants, and they specified that their earliest known origins are from:
Cameroon
and United States.

This information is self-reported by FamilyTreeDNA participants. It represents the earliest known countries of origin on their direct paternal lines.

This entry is for a genetic 'haplogroup' and NOT an individual.

The Y chromosome is passed from father to son remaining mostly unaltered across generations, except for small traceable changes in DNA. By tracking these changes, we constructed a family tree of humankind where all male lineages trace back to a single common ancestor who lived hundreds of thousands of years ago. This human tree allows us to explore lineages through time and place and to uncover the modern history of your direct paternal surname line and the ancient history of our shared ancestors.

The R-M459 Story: R-M459's paternal line was formed when it branched off from the ancestor R-M420 and the rest of mankind around 15,000 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the ancestor R-M420 was born between the years 17,490 and 12,969 BCE. The most likely estimate is 15,080 BCE, rounded to 15,000 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

The man who is the most recent common ancestor of this line is estimated to have been born around 11,000 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the most recent common ancestor of all members of haplogroup R-M459 was born between the years 12,630 and 9228 BCE. The most likely estimate is 10,817 BCE, rounded to 11,000 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

He is the ancestor of at least 2 descendant lineages known as R-M198 & R-YP1301. Descendant lineages are identified as people test their Y-DNA with the Big Y test.

There are 49,131 DNA tested descendants, and they specified that their earliest known origins are from:
Poland,
Russian Federation,
Sweden, and
156 other countries.

This information is self-reported by FamilyTreeDNA participants. It represents the earliest known countries of origin on their direct paternal lines.

This entry is for a genetic 'haplogroup' and NOT an individual.

The Y chromosome is passed from father to son remaining mostly unaltered across generations, except for small traceable changes in DNA. By tracking these changes, we constructed a family tree of humankind where all male lineages trace back to a single common ancestor who lived hundreds of thousands of years ago. This human tree allows us to explore lineages through time and place and to uncover the modern history of your direct paternal surname line and the ancient history of our shared ancestors.

The R-YP4141 paternal line was formed when it branched off from the ancestor R-M420 and the rest of humankind around 15,000 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the ancestor R-M420 was born between the years 17,762 and 13,179 BCE. The most likely estimate is 15,320 BCE, rounded to 15,000 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

The man who is the most recent common ancestor of this line is estimated to have been born around 11,000 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the most recent common ancestor of all members of haplogroup R-YP4141 was born between the years 13,122 and 9282 BCE. The most likely estimate is 11,063 BCE, rounded to 11,000 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

He is the ancestor of at least 2 descendant lineages known as R-YP5056 & R-YP4132. Descendant lineages are identified as people test their Y-DNA with the Big Y test. There are 167 DNA tested descendants, and they specified that their earliest known origins are from:
United States,
Scotland,
England, and
19 other countries.

The Y chromosome is passed from father to son remaining mostly unaltered across generations, except for small traceable changes in DNA. By tracking these changes, we constructed a family tree of humankind where all male lineages trace back to a single common ancestor who lived hundreds of thousands of years ago. This human tree allows us to explore lineages through time and place and to uncover the modern history of your direct paternal surname line and the ancient history of our shared ancestors.

The A-L1087 Story: A-L1087's paternal line was formed when it branched off from the ancestor A-PR2921 and the rest of mankind around 232,000 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the ancestor A-PR2921 was born between the years 267,963 and 200,472 BCE. The most likely estimate is 231,806 BCE, rounded to 232,000 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

The man who is the most recent common ancestor of this line is estimated to have been born around 29,000 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the most recent common ancestor of all members of haplogroup A-L1087 was born between the years 34,375 and 23,921 BCE. The most likely estimate is 28,719 BCE, rounded to 29,000 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

He is the ancestor of at least 1 descendant lineage known as A-L1088. Descendant lineages are identified as people test their Y-DNA with the Big Y test.

There are 12 DNA tested descendants, and they specified that their earliest known origins are from:
Cameroon
and United States.

This information is self-reported by FamilyTreeDNA participants. It represents the earliest known countries of origin on their direct paternal lines.

The Y chromosome is passed from father to son remaining mostly unaltered across generations, except for small traceable changes in DNA. By tracking these changes, we constructed a family tree of humankind where all male lineages trace back to a single common ancestor who lived hundreds of thousands of years ago. This human tree allows us to explore lineages through time and place and to uncover the modern history of your direct paternal surname line and the ancient history of our shared ancestors.

The A-V148 Story: A-V148's paternal line was formed when it branched off from the ancestor A-L1090 and the rest of mankind around 150,000 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the ancestor A-L1090 was born between the years 170,842 and 131,116 BCE. The most likely estimate is 150,340 BCE, rounded to 150,000 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

The man who is the most recent common ancestor of this line is estimated to have been born around 64,000 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the most recent common ancestor of all members of haplogroup A-V148 was born between the years 74,688 and 54,705 BCE. The most likely estimate is 63,951 BCE, rounded to 64,000 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

He is the ancestor of at least 2 descendant lineages known as A-L1050 & A-L987. Descendant lineages are identified as people test their Y-DNA with the Big Y test.

There are 76 DNA tested descendants, and they specified that their earliest known origins are from:
Cameroon,
United States,
Barbados, and
5 other countries

This information is self-reported by FamilyTreeDNA participants. It represents the earliest known countries of origin on their direct paternal lines.

---===oOo===---

In human genetics, Haplogroup A is the lineage of all human males. Because of a mistake in phylogeny, it used to refer to a group of y-chromosome lineages that were later found to be among the first to branch off from the root of the human y-chromosome phylogeny, and are now referred to as "haplogroup A proper" or "haplogroup A(xBT)". No mutations define Haplogroup A, but since this nomenclature only deals with Homo sapiens sapiens, the "Y-chromosomal Adam" can be considered its founder.

Origin

Haplogroup A is common among Khoisan people.
Many proposals for haplogroup A's origin suggest it was associated with the ancestral population of Southern Africa's hunter-gatherers. This is because Haplogroup A lineages are frequent among the San people. In addition, the most basal mitochondrial DNA lineages are also largely restricted to the San.

However the A lineages of Southern Africa are sub-clades of A lineages found in other parts of Africa. This suggests that A lineages arrived in Southern Africa from elsewhere.[3] The two most basal lineages of Haplogroup A, A0 and A1, have been detected in West Africa, Northwest Africa and Central Africa. Cruciani et al. suggest that these lineages may have emerged somewhere in between Central and Northwest Africa, though such an interpretation is still preliminary due to the incomplete geographic coverage of African y-chromosomes.[1]

Initial studies reported that Haplogroup A lineages emerged around 60,000 years ago which was significantly more recent than TMRCA for mitochondrial DNA lineages which coalesce to between 150-200kya. But Cruciani et al. 2011 pushed back the root of the Y-chromosome tree to 142,000 years ago.[1]

In November 2012, a new study by Scozzari et al. reinforced "the hypothesis of an origin in the north-western quadrant of the African continent for the A1b haplogroup, and, together with recent findings of ancient Y-lineages in central-western Africa, provide new evidence regarding the geographical origin of human MSY diversity".[4]

[edit] Distribution

Haplogroup A(xBT) is largely restricted to parts of Africa, though a handful of cases have been reported in Europe and Western Asia. The clade achieves its highest modern frequencies in the Bushmen hunter-gatherer populations of Southern Africa, followed closely by many Nilotic groups in Eastern Africa. However, haplogroup A's oldest sub-clades are exclusively found in Central-Northwest Africa, where it, and consequently Y-chromosomal Adam, is believed to have originated about 140,000 years ago.[1] The clade has also been observed at notable frequencies in certain populations in Ethiopia, as well as some Pygmy groups in Central Africa.

Haplogroup A is less common among Niger-Congo speakers, who largely belong to the E1b1a clade. Haplogroup E in general is believed to have originated in Northeast Africa,[5] and was later introduced to West Africa from where it spread around 5,000 years ago to Central, Southern and Southeastern Africa with the Bantu expansion.[6][7] According to Wood et al. (2005) and Rosa et al. (2007), such relatively recent population movements from West Africa changed the pre-existing population Y chromosomal diversity in Central, Southern and Southeastern Africa, replacing the previous haplogroups in these areas with the now dominant E1b1a lineages. Traces of ancestral inhabitants, however, can be observed today in these regions via the presence of the Y DNA haplogroups A-M91 and B-M60 that are common in certain relict populations, such as the Mbuti Pygmies and the Khoisan.[8][9][10]

Haplogroup A frequencies

Africa
Study population Freq.
(in %)
[9] Tsumkwe San (Namibia) 66%
[9] Nama (Namibia) 64
[11] Dinka (Sudan) 62
[11] Shilluk (Sudan) 53
[11] Nuba (Sudan) 46
[12] Khoisan 44
[13][14] Ethiopian Jews 41
[9][13] !Kung/Sekele ~40
[11] Borgu (Sudan) 35
[11] Nuer (Sudan) 33
[11] Fur (Sudan) 31
[9] Maasai (Kenya) 27
[15] Nara (Eritrea) 20
[11] Masalit (Sudan) 19
[9][16] Amhara (Ethiopia) ~16
[12] Ethiopians 14
[17] Bantu (Kenya) 14
[9] Mandara (Cameroon) 14
[11] Hausa (Sudan) 13
[13] Khwe (South Africa) 12
[13] Fulbe (Cameroon) 12
[9] Dama (Namibia) 11
[16] Oromo (Ethiopia) 10
[15] Kunama (Eritrea) 10
[9] South Semitic (Ethiopia) 10
[17] Arabs (Egypt) 3

In a composite sample of 3551 African men, Haplogroup A had a frequency of 5.4%.[18] The highest frequencies of haplogroup A have been reported among the Khoisan of Southern Africa, Beta Israel, and Nilo-Saharans from Sudan.

[edit] Africa -Central

Haplogroup A3b2-M13 has been observed in populations of northern Cameroon (2/9 = 22% Tupuri,[9] 4/28 = 14% Mandara,[9] 2/17 = 12% Fulbe[13]) and eastern DRC (2/9 = 22% Alur,[9] 1/18 = 6% Hema,[9] 1/47 = 2% Mbuti[9]).

Haplogroup A-M91(xA1a-M31, A2-M6/M14/P3/P4, A3-M32) has been observed in the Bakola people of southern Cameroon (3/33 = 9%).[9]

Without testing for any subclade, haplogroup A Y-DNA has been observed in samples of several populations of Gabon, including 9% (3/33) of a sample of Baka, 3% (1/36) of a sample of Ndumu, 2% (1/46) of a sample of Duma, 2% (1/57) of a sample of Nzebi, and 2% (1/60) of a sample of Tsogo.[7]

[edit] Africa -Eastern

Haplogroup A3b2-M13 is common among the Southern Sudanese (53%),[11] especially the Dinka Sudanese (61.5%).[19] Haplogroup A3b2-M13 also has been observed in another sample of a South Sudanese population at a frequency of 45% (18/40), including 1/40 A3b2a-M171.[12] Haplogroup A also has been reported in 14.6% (7/48) of an Amhara sample,[16] 10.3% (8/78) of an Oromo sample,[16] 13.6% (12/88) of another sample from Ethiopia,[12] and 41% of a sample of the Beta Israel (Cruciani et al. 2002), and important percentages are also shared by Bantus in Kenya (14%, Luis et al. 2004) and Iraqw in Tanzania (3/43 = 7.0% (Luis et al. 2004) to 1/6 = 17% (Knight et al. 2003)).

[edit] Africa -Northern

The subclade A1 has been observed in Moroccan Berbers, while the subclade A3b2 has been observed in approximately 3% of Egyptian males.

[edit] Africa -Southern

One study has found haplogroup A in samples of various Khoisan-speaking tribes with frequency ranging from 10% to 70%.[9] Surprisingly, this particular haplogroup was not found in a sample of the Hadzabe from Tanzania, a population traditionally considered an ancient remnant of Khoisans due to the presence of click consonants in their language.

[edit] Eurasia

Haplogroup A has been observed as A1 in European men in England. As A3b2, it has been observed with low frequency in Asia Minor, the Middle East, and some Mediterranean islands, among Aegean Turks, Sardinians, Palestinians, Jordanians, Yemenites, and Omanis. Without testing for any subclade, haplogroup A has been observed in a sample of Greeks from Mitilini on the Aegean island of Lesvos[20] and in samples of Portuguese from southern Portugal, central Portugal, and Madeira.[21] The authors of one study have reported finding what appears to be haplogroup A in 3.1% (2/65) of a sample of Cypriots,[22] though they have not definitively excluded the possibility that either of these individuals may belong to haplogroup B or haplogroup C.

This entry is for a genetic 'haplogroup' and NOT an individual.

The Y chromosome is passed from father to son remaining mostly unaltered across generations, except for small traceable changes in DNA. By tracking these changes, we constructed a family tree of humankind where all male lineages trace back to a single common ancestor who lived hundreds of thousands of years ago. This human tree allows us to explore lineages through time and place and to uncover the modern history of your direct paternal surname line and the ancient history of our shared ancestors.

The A-L1090 Story: A-L1090's paternal line was formed when it branched off from the ancestor A-PR2921 and the rest of mankind around 232,000 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the ancestor A-PR2921 was born between the years 267,963 and 200,472 BCE. The most likely estimate is 231,806 BCE, rounded to 232,000 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

The man who is the most recent common ancestor of this line is estimated to have been born around 150,000 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the most recent common ancestor of all members of haplogroup A-L1090 was born between the years 170,842 and 131,116 BCE. The most likely estimate is 150,340 BCE, rounded to 150,000 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

He is the ancestor of at least 2 descendant lineages known as A-V148 & A-V168. Descendant lineages are identified as people test their Y-DNA with the Big Y test.

There are 592,111 DNA tested descendants, and they specified that their earliest known origins are from:
England,
United States,
Ireland, and
290 other countries.

This information is self-reported by FamilyTreeDNA participants. It represents the earliest known countries of origin on their direct paternal lines.

R1b1c5 and R1b1c6 are very specific Artisan subsections found primarily in Basque populations but also in Catalan, Spansih, French, British and German populations.

A unique modern day poulations, the Basque people self-ientify as a discrete ethnic group in north-central Spain and southwestern France. Early Basque culture was basically democratic and their pre-Christian religion was formed around a superior female goddess, Mari. A rich mythology of Basque creatures and characters includes imps, giants, dragons, soothsayers and other nature-based deities. Traditional Basque cuisine was dictated by the mountains and sea surrounding Basque country. Lamb, fish and beans are typical ingredients of a Basque meal. The language associated with the Basque people is euskara, which linguists believe exists in a family by itself, and not related to English or other western European languages.

Members of the Artisans can be found at high rates in South America. Population geneticists ascribe this finding to the movement of peoples from Iberia to South America over the last 500 years.