Person Page 2,128

The Y chromosome is passed from father to son remaining mostly unaltered across generations, except for small traceable changes in DNA. By tracking these changes, we constructed a family tree of humankind where all male lineages trace back to a single common ancestor who lived hundreds of thousands of years ago. This human tree allows us to explore lineages through time and place and to uncover the modern history of your direct paternal surname line and the ancient history of our shared ancestors.

The P-P295 Story: P-P295's paternal line was formed when it branched off from the ancestor P-PF5850 and the rest of mankind around 42,000 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the ancestor P-PF5850 was born between the years 49,866 and 35,644 BCE. The most likely estimate is 42,197 BCE, rounded to 42,000 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

The man who is the most recent common ancestor of this line is estimated to have been born around 42,000 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the most recent common ancestor of all members of haplogroup P-P295 was born between the years 49,671 and 35,411 BCE. The most likely estimate is 41,978 BCE, rounded to 42,000 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

He is the ancestor of at least 3 descendant lineages known as P-F20149, P-FT292000, & P-M45. Descendant lineages are identified as people test their Y-DNA with the Big Y test.

There are 307,702 DNA tested descendants, and they specified that their earliest known origins are from:
United States,
Ireland,
England, and
227 other countries.

This information is self-reported by FamilyTreeDNA participants. It represents the earliest known countries of origin on their direct paternal lines.

-

(Additional Notes: Haplogroup P also known as P-P295 and K2b2 is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup in human genetics. P-P295 is a branch of K2b (previously Haplogroup MPS; P331), which is a branch of Haplogroup K2 (K-M526).
The only primary branches (clades) of P-P295 are P1 (P-M45) and P2 (P-B253).[1] P1 is, in turn, the parent node of Haplogroup Q (Q-M242) and Haplogroup R (R-M207).
Basal P* is found at its highest rate among members of the Aeta (or Agta), a people indigenous to Luzon, in The Philippines.[1] Luzon is also the only location where P*, P1* and rare P2 are now found together,[2] along with significant levels of K2b1.[5] Even though P1* is now more common among individuals in Eastern Siberia and Central Asia, the above distributions tend to suggest that P* (P295) emerged in South East Asia.[2][3]
The major subclades Haplogroups Q and R now include most males among Europeans, Native Americans, South Asians and Central Asians. .)

The Y chromosome is passed from father to son remaining mostly unaltered across generations, except for small traceable changes in DNA. By tracking these changes, we constructed a family tree of humankind where all male lineages trace back to a single common ancestor who lived hundreds of thousands of years ago. This human tree allows us to explore lineages through time and place and to uncover the modern history of your direct paternal surname line and the ancient history of our shared ancestors.

The R-P310 Story: R-P310's paternal line was formed when it branched off from the ancestor R-L51 and the rest of mankind around 4050 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the ancestor R-L51 was born between the years 4919 and 3305 BCE. The most likely estimate is 4058 BCE, rounded to 4050 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

The man who is the most recent common ancestor of this line is estimated to have been born around 3350 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the most recent common ancestor of all members of haplogroup R-P310 was born between the years 4097 and 2672 BCE. The most likely estimate is 3337 BCE, rounded to 3350 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

He is the ancestor of at least 4 descendant lineages known as R-L151, R-FT377377, R-FT186340, & R-FT123498. Descendant lineages are identified as people test their Y-DNA with the Big Y test.

There are 225,504 DNA tested descendants, and they specified that their earliest known origins are from:
Ireland,
United States,
England, and
182 other countries.

This information is self-reported by FamilyTreeDNA participants. It represents the earliest known countries of origin on their direct paternal lines.

Homo heidelbergensis (sometimes called Homo rhodesiensis) is an extinct species of the genus Homo which lived in Africa, Europe and western Asia from at least 600,000 years ago, and may date back 1,300,000 years. It survived until 200,000 to 250,000 years ago. It is probably the ancestor of homo sapiens in Africa and the Neanderthals in Europe, and perhaps also the Denisovans in Asia. It was first discovered near Heidelberg in Germany in 1907.

Social behavior

Homo heidelbergensis - forensic facial reconstruction/approximation
Recent findings in a pit in Atapuerca (Spain) of 28 human skeletons suggest that H. heidelbergensis may have been the first species of the Homo genus to bury their dead.[7]
Some experts[8] believe that H. heidelbergensis, like its descendant H. neanderthalensis, acquired a primitive form of language. No forms of art or sophisticated artifacts other than stone tools have been uncovered, although red ochre, a mineral that can be used to create a red pigment which is useful as a paint, has been found at Terra Amata excavations in the south of France.

Language

The morphology of the outer and middle ear suggests they had an auditory sensitivity similar to modern humans and very different from chimpanzees. They were probably able to differentiate between many different sounds.[9] Dental wear analysis suggests they were as likely to be right-handed as modern people.[10]
H. heidelbergensis was a close relative (most probably a migratory descendant) of Homo ergaster. H. ergaster is thought to be the first hominin to vocalize[8] and that as H. heidelbergensis developed more sophisticated culture proceeded from this point.

Evidence of hunting

500,000 year-old hafted stone points used for hunting are reported from Kathu Pan 1 in South Africa, tested by way of use-wear replication.[11] This find could mean that modern humans and Neanderthals inherited the stone-tipped spear, rather than developing the technology independently.[11].

Humans (Homo sapiens, meaning "thinking man") or modern humans are the most common and widespread species of primate, and the last surviving species of the genus Homo. They are great apes characterized by their hairlessness, bipedalism, and high intelligence.

Humans have large brains, enabling more advanced cognitive skills that enable them to thrive and adapt in varied environments, develop highly complex tools, and form complex social structures and civilizations. Humans are highly social, with individual humans tending to belong to a multi-layered network of cooperating, distinct, or even competing social groups - from families and peer groups to corporations and political states. As such, social interactions between humans have established a wide variety of values, social norms, languages, and traditions (collectively termed institutions), each of which bolsters human society.

Humans are also highly curious, with the desire to understand and influence phenomena having motivated humanity's development of science, technology, philosophy, mythology, religion, and other frameworks of knowledge; humans also study themselves through such domains as anthropology, social science, history, psychology, and medicine. There are estimated to be more than eight billion humans alive.

The Y chromosome is passed from father to son remaining mostly unaltered across generations, except for small traceable changes in DNA. By tracking these changes, we constructed a family tree of humankind where all male lineages trace back to a single common ancestor who lived hundreds of thousands of years ago. This human tree allows us to explore lineages through time and place and to uncover the modern history of your direct paternal surname line and the ancient history of our shared ancestors.

The R-L51 Story: R-L51's paternal line was formed when it branched off from the ancestor R-L23 and the rest of mankind around 4300 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the ancestor R-L23 was born between the years 5178 and 3505 BCE. The most likely estimate is 4286 BCE, rounded to 4300 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

The man who is the most recent common ancestor of this line is estimated to have been born around 4050 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the most recent common ancestor of all members of haplogroup R-L51 was born between the years 4919 and 3305 BCE. The most likely estimate is 4058 BCE, rounded to 4050 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

He is the ancestor of at least 2 descendant lineages known as R-PF7589 & R-P310. Descendant lineages are identified as people test their Y-DNA with the Big Y test.

There are 227,108 DNA tested descendants, and they specified that their earliest known origins are from:
Ireland,
United States,
England, and
183 other countries.

This information is self-reported by FamilyTreeDNA participants. It represents the earliest known countries of origin on their direct paternal lines.

The Y chromosome is passed from father to son remaining mostly unaltered across generations, except for small traceable changes in DNA. By tracking these changes, we constructed a family tree of humankind where all male lineages trace back to a single common ancestor who lived hundreds of thousands of years ago. This human tree allows us to explore lineages through time and place and to uncover the modern history of your direct paternal surname line and the ancient history of our shared ancestors.

The R-Z290 Story: R-Z290's paternal line was formed when it branched off from the ancestor R-P312 and the rest of mankind around 2850 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the ancestor R-P312 was born between the years 3522 and 2230 BCE. The most likely estimate is 2833 BCE, rounded to 2850 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

The man who is the most recent common ancestor of this line is estimated to have been born around 2700 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the most recent common ancestor of all members of haplogroup R-Z290 was born between the years 3346 and 2096 BCE. The most likely estimate is 2680 BCE, rounded to 2700 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

He is the ancestor of at least 2 descendant lineages known as R-L21 & R-BY22760. Descendant lineages are identified as people test their Y-DNA with the Big Y test.

There are 78,449 DNA tested descendants, and they specified that their earliest known origins are from:
Ireland,
United States,
Scotland, and
108 other countries.

This information is self-reported by FamilyTreeDNA participants. It represents the earliest known countries of origin on their direct paternal lines.

The Y chromosome is passed from father to son remaining mostly unaltered across generations, except for small traceable changes in DNA. By tracking these changes, we constructed a family tree of humankind where all male lineages trace back to a single common ancestor who lived hundreds of thousands of years ago. This human tree allows us to explore lineages through time and place and to uncover the modern history of your direct paternal surname line and the ancient history of our shared ancestors.

The R-DF13 Story: R-DF13's paternal line was formed when it branched off from the ancestor R-S552 and the rest of mankind around 2600 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the ancestor R-S552 was born between the years 3238 and 2013 BCE. The most likely estimate is 2585 BCE, rounded to 2600 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

The man who is the most recent common ancestor of this line is estimated to have been born around 2500 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the most recent common ancestor of all members of haplogroup R-DF13 was born between the years 3115 and 1917 BCE. The most likely estimate is 2476 BCE, rounded to 2500 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

He is the ancestor of at least 12 descendant lineages known as R-DF21, R-L513, R-FGC11134, R-FGC5494, R-ZZ10_1, R-Z39589, R-BY23434, R-BY39001, R-BY192942, R-BY145002, R-FTT9, & R-FTA36024. Descendant lineages are identified as people test their Y-DNA with the Big Y test.

There are 68,572 DNA tested descendants, and they specified that their earliest known origins are from:
Ireland,
United States,
Scotland, and
102 other countries.

This information is self-reported by FamilyTreeDNA participants. It represents the earliest known countries of origin on their direct paternal lines.

The Y chromosome is passed from father to son remaining mostly unaltered across generations, except for small traceable changes in DNA. By tracking these changes, we constructed a family tree of humankind where all male lineages trace back to a single common ancestor who lived hundreds of thousands of years ago. This human tree allows us to explore lineages through time and place and to uncover the modern history of your direct paternal surname line and the ancient history of our shared ancestors.

The R-DF21 Story: R-DF21's paternal line was formed when it branched off from the ancestor R-DF13 and the rest of mankind around 2500 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the ancestor R-DF13 was born between the years 3115 and 1917 BCE. The most likely estimate is 2476 BCE, rounded to 2500 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

The man who is the most recent common ancestor of this line is estimated to have been born around 2350 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the most recent common ancestor of all members of haplogroup R-DF21 was born between the years 2991 and 1792 BCE. The most likely estimate is 2351 BCE, rounded to 2350 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

He is the ancestor of at least 7 descendant lineages known as R-Z16267, R-FGC3213, R-S5488, R-Z30233, R-BY178021, R-FTC6698, & R-FTB41078. Descendant lineages are identified as people test their Y-DNA with the Big Y test.

There are 8,879 DNA tested descendants, and they specified that their earliest known origins are from:
Ireland,
United States,
Scotland, and
43 other countries.

This information is self-reported by FamilyTreeDNA participants. It represents the earliest known countries of origin on their direct paternal lines.

The Y chromosome is passed from father to son remaining mostly unaltered across generations, except for small traceable changes in DNA. By tracking these changes, we constructed a family tree of humankind where all male lineages trace back to a single common ancestor who lived hundreds of thousands of years ago. This human tree allows us to explore lineages through time and place and to uncover the modern history of your direct paternal surname line and the ancient history of our shared ancestors.

The R-Z30233 Story: R-Z30233's paternal line was formed when it branched off from the ancestor R-DF21 and the rest of mankind around 2350 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the ancestor R-DF21 was born between the years 2991 and 1792 BCE. The most likely estimate is 2351 BCE, rounded to 2350 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

The man who is the most recent common ancestor of this line is estimated to have been born around 2350 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the most recent common ancestor of all members of haplogroup R-Z30233 was born between the years 2989 and 1753 BCE. The most likely estimate is 2328 BCE, rounded to 2350 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

He is the ancestor of at least 3 descendant lineages known as R-CTS8704, R-BY9405, & R-BY60537. Descendant lineages are identified as people test their Y-DNA with the Big Y test.

There are 2,665 DNA tested descendants, and they specified that their earliest known origins are from:
Ireland,
United States,
Scotland, and
28 other countries.

This information is self-reported by FamilyTreeDNA participants. It represents the earliest known countries of origin on their direct paternal lines.

The Y chromosome is passed from father to son remaining mostly unaltered across generations, except for small traceable changes in DNA. By tracking these changes, we constructed a family tree of humankind where all male lineages trace back to a single common ancestor who lived hundreds of thousands of years ago. This human tree allows us to explore lineages through time and place and to uncover the modern history of your direct paternal surname line and the ancient history of our shared ancestors.

The R-CTS8704 Story: R-CTS8704's paternal line was formed when it branched off from the ancestor R-Z30233 and the rest of mankind around 2350 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the ancestor R-Z30233 was born between the years 2989 and 1753 BCE. The most likely estimate is 2328 BCE, rounded to 2350 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

The man who is the most recent common ancestor of this line is estimated to have been born around 2050 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the most recent common ancestor of all members of haplogroup R-CTS8704 was born between the years 2687 and 1520 BCE. The most likely estimate is 2062 BCE, rounded to 2050 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

He is the ancestor of at least 2 descendant lineages known as R-Z246 & R-FGC9752. Descendant lineages are identified as people test their Y-DNA with the Big Y test.

There are 2,636 DNA tested descendants, and they specified that their earliest known origins are from:
Ireland,
United States,
Scotland, and
28 other countries.

This information is self-reported by FamilyTreeDNA participants. It represents the earliest known countries of origin on their direct paternal lines.

The Y chromosome is passed from father to son remaining mostly unaltered across generations, except for small traceable changes in DNA. By tracking these changes, we constructed a family tree of humankind where all male lineages trace back to a single common ancestor who lived hundreds of thousands of years ago. This human tree allows us to explore lineages through time and place and to uncover the modern history of your direct paternal surname line and the ancient history of our shared ancestors.

The R-Z246 Story: R-Z246's paternal line was formed when it branched off from the ancestor R-CTS8704 and the rest of mankind around 2050 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the ancestor R-CTS8704 was born between the years 2687 and 1520 BCE. The most likely estimate is 2062 BCE, rounded to 2050 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

The man who is the most recent common ancestor of this line is estimated to have been born around 2050 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the most recent common ancestor of all members of haplogroup R-Z246 was born between the years 2668 and 1506 BCE. The most likely estimate is 2046 BCE, rounded to 2050 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

He is the ancestor of at least 2 descendant lineages known as R-DF25 & R-FTD31954. Descendant lineages are identified as people test their Y-DNA with the Big Y test.

There are 2,606 DNA tested descendants, and they specified that their earliest known origins are from:
Ireland,
United States,
Scotland, and
28 other countries.

This information is self-reported by FamilyTreeDNA participants. It represents the earliest known countries of origin on their direct paternal lines.

The Y chromosome is passed from father to son remaining mostly unaltered across generations, except for small traceable changes in DNA. By tracking these changes, we constructed a family tree of humankind where all male lineages trace back to a single common ancestor who lived hundreds of thousands of years ago. This human tree allows us to explore lineages through time and place and to uncover the modern history of your direct paternal surname line and the ancient history of our shared ancestors.

The R-DF25 Story: R-DF25's paternal line was formed when it branched off from the ancestor R-Z246 and the rest of mankind around 2050 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the ancestor R-Z246 was born between the years 2668 and 1506 BCE. The most likely estimate is 2046 BCE, rounded to 2050 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

The man who is the most recent common ancestor of this line is estimated to have been born around 2000 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the most recent common ancestor of all members of haplogroup R-DF25 was born between the years 2598 and 1452 BCE. The most likely estimate is 1985 BCE, rounded to 2000 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

He is the ancestor of at least 8 descendant lineages known as R-DF5, R-S6189, R-BY2752, R-Y61048, R-BY217348, R-Y172372, R-FT385968 and 1 yet unnamed lineage. Descendant lineages are identified as people test their Y-DNA with the Big Y test. At least two testers from a lineage are needed for a new branch to be named and added to the tree.

There are 2,603 DNA tested descendants, and they specified that their earliest known origins are from:
Ireland,
United States,
Scotland, and
27 other countries.

This information is self-reported by FamilyTreeDNA participants. It represents the earliest known countries of origin on their direct paternal lines.

The Y chromosome is passed from father to son remaining mostly unaltered across generations, except for small traceable changes in DNA. By tracking these changes, we constructed a family tree of humankind where all male lineages trace back to a single common ancestor who lived hundreds of thousands of years ago. This human tree allows us to explore lineages through time and place and to uncover the modern history of your direct paternal surname line and the ancient history of our shared ancestors.

The R-ZZ32_1 Story: R-ZZ32_1's paternal line was formed when it branched off from the ancestor R-Z248 and the rest of mankind around 1800 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the ancestor R-Z248 was born between the years 2417 and 1307 BCE. The most likely estimate is 1823 BCE, rounded to 1800 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

The man who is the most recent common ancestor of this line is estimated to have been born around 1800 BCE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the most recent common ancestor of all members of haplogroup R-ZZ32_1 was born between the years 2388 and 1276 BCE. The most likely estimate is 1792 BCE, rounded to 1800 BCE. This estimate will likely change in the future as more people test and we improve the method.

He is the ancestor of at least 3 descendant lineages known as R-CTS3655, R-L1403, & R-BY186409. Descendant lineages are identified as people test their Y-DNA with the Big Y test.

There are 1,611 DNA tested descendants, and they specified that their earliest known origins are from:
Ireland,
United States,
Scotland, and
20 other countries

This information is self-reported by FamilyTreeDNA participants. It represents the earliest known countries of origin on their direct paternal lines.